Panic attacks and anxiety attacks, although frequently used interchangeably, are distinct experiences. Let’s delve into the differences between these two conditions.
Anxiety Attacks
The term “anxiety attack” isn’t officially recognized in the “Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition” (DSM-5). Instead, anxiety is considered a feature of several psychiatric disorders. These encompass generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, separation anxiety disorder, agoraphobia without a history of panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, social anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and specific phobias.
Anxiety typically arises in response to an impending stressful situation, gradually building over time. Symptoms may include persistent worry, distress, and fear. However, as anxiety attacks aren’t officially recognized, their signs and symptoms can vary among individuals.
Panic Attacks
Panic attacks, in contrast, strike suddenly and involve intense, often overwhelming fear. They are accompanied by challenging physical symptoms like a racing heartbeat, shortness of breath, or nausea. DSM-5 acknowledges panic attacks, categorizing them as unexpected (without a clear cause) or expected (triggered by external stressors).
Recurrent panic attacks could signify panic disorder, a mental health condition characterized by sudden, repetitive panic attacks.
Symptoms Comparison
Both panic and anxiety attacks share emotional and physical symptoms, and it’s possible to experience them concurrently. These symptoms include apprehension, fear of losing control, heart palpitations, chest pain, shortness of breath, and more. However, distinguishing between the two lies in several factors:
- Cause: Anxiety usually links to a perceived stressful situation, while panic attacks can occur without clear stressors.
- Level of Distress: Anxiety can range from mild to severe, often lingering in the background. Panic attacks, on the other hand, involve severe, disruptive symptoms.
- Fight-or-Flight Response: Panic attacks trigger the body’s fight-or-flight response more intensely than anxiety attacks.
- Onset Speed: Anxiety tends to build gradually, whereas panic attacks strike abruptly.
- Effects: Panic attacks often lead to concerns about having another attack, potentially altering your behavior.
Causes and Risk Factors
Both anxiety and panic attacks can be triggered by various factors such as stress, phobias, traumatic experiences, chronic illnesses, or substance use. Risk factors for both conditions include a history of trauma, ongoing stress, chronic health conditions, and a predisposition to anxiety or panic disorders.
Diagnosis
Doctors can diagnose anxiety and panic disorders but not anxiety attacks per se. Diagnosis typically involves assessing symptoms, conducting tests to rule out other conditions, and evaluating physical and psychological factors.
Treatment
Treatment options include counseling, psychotherapy (like CBT), relaxation techniques, and medications (such as antidepressants and anti-anxiety drugs). Lifestyle changes, stress management, exercise, and a balanced diet can also help manage symptoms.
Conclusion
In summary, while panic and anxiety attacks share similarities, they differ in intensity, causes, and effects. If these symptoms impact your daily life, seeking professional help is crucial for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.